Structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae complex

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Abstract
The structure and development of stomata are described in the leaves of 8 genera and 12 species of the Gentianaceae Menyanthaceae complex. Out of the twelve species studied vegetative and floral organs are investigated in five. The epidermal cells are either squarish, rectangular or polygonal and isodiametric or elongated or irregular in outline. In Gentianaceae the mature stomata are anomocytic, actinocytic, anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic and stoma with a single subsidiary cell. While they are mostly anomocytic very rarely actinocytic and paracytic in Menyanthaceae. In Gentianaceae the ontogeny of anisocytic, paracytic, diacytic and stoma with a single subsidiary cell is mesogenous, while that of anomocytic and actinocytic perigenous. Anomocytic, actinocytic and paracytic stomata of Nymphoides indica conforms to the perigenous type of development. Abnormalities such as arrested development; cytoplasmic connection between adjacent stomata; single guard cell; contiguous stomata and division of one or both the guard cells of a stoma are noticed. Guard cells of Exacum pedunculatum contain needle like crystals of calcium oxalate. The present observations support the separation of the Gentianaceae and Menyanthaceae.

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