Protein Kinase C Influences Rat Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity

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Abstract
To test the role of protein kinase C in the control of pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity, we examined the effects of the activators, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), mezerein, and 1,2-dioctanyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-DOG), in rat isolated large pulmonary arteries and salt solution-perfused lungs. PMA (500 nM) and mezerein (100 nM) induced slow, sustained contractions of isolated pulmonary arteries. These contractions were not inhibited by nifedipine (1 .mu.M), the intracellular Ca2+ blocker TMB-8 (50 .mu.M), a 0 Ca2+ and EGTA (2 mM) bath, or endothelial denudation. They were reduced by amiloride (500 .mu.M), an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7); (50 .mu.M), an inhibitor of protein kinase C. PMA caused concentration-dependent (5 to 500 nM) potentiation of KCl, serotonin, and A23187 contractions of isolated pulmonary arteries. The effect of PMA on norepinephrine was dependent on both concentration and time. Whereas PMA potentiated norepinephrine contraction after 5 min, it inhibited the response after 60 min. PMA and mezerein also caused concentration-dependent (0.5 to 500 nM) vasconstriction in isolated lungs. The PMA vasoconstriction was unaltered by meclofenamate (1.6 .mu.M) but was attenuated by nifedipine (1 .mu.M). Low concentrations of PMA (5 nM) and 1,2-DOG (50 .mu.M) potentiated both hypoxic and KCl vasoconstriction in isolated lungs. In contrast, the hypoxic and KCl responses were blunted by H-7 (30 .mu.M). We conclude that acute activation of protein kinase C in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle can cause contraction and increase pulmonary vasoreactivity. The roles of Ca2+ mobilization, Na+/H+ exchange, and contractile protein phosphorylation in these pulmonary vascular effects of protein kinase C activation remain to be determined.

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