Optical properties of excitons in ZnO-based quantum well heterostructures

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Abstract
Recently the developments in the field of II–VI-oxides have been spectacular. Various epitaxial methods have been used to grow epitaxial ZnO layers. Not only epilayers but also sufficiently good-quality multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy (laser-MBE). We mainly discuss the experimental aspect of the optical properties of excitons in ZnO-based MQW heterostructures. Systematic temperature-dependent studies of optical absorption and photoluminescence in these MQWs were used to evaluate the well-width dependence and the composition dependence of the major excitonic properties. Based on these data, the localization of excitons, the influence of exciton–phonon interaction and quantum-confined Stark effects are discussed. The optical spectra of dense excitonic systems are shown to be determined mainly by the interaction process between excitons and biexcitons. The high-density excitonic effects play a role in the observation of room-temperature stimulated emission in the ZnO MQWs. The binding energies of exciton and biexciton are enhanced from the bulk values, as a result of quantum-confinement effects.