Water Fluoridation and Fluoride Supplementation: Considerations for the Future

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Abstract
The extensive literature on water fluoridation and fluoride supplementation is discussed, looking critically at the benefits of systemic fluoride availability in the prevention of dental caries and at the adverse factors of enamel fluorosis which can occur from the ingestion of too much fluoride during the period of tooth development. Recommendations are made for the future use of fluorides, emphasizing that water fluoridation is a safe and proven health measure which should be continued. Caution in the use of other fluoride supplementation methods is raised, especially when related to compliance and the use of fluoride supplements which are under the control of the individual. Targeting of children who would benefit from fluorides and additional preventive dental health measures is recommended.