MUCOSUBSTANCE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NORMAL MUCOSA AND CARCINOMA OF THE LARGE INTESTINE: Galactose Oxidase‐Schiff Reaction and Lectin Stainings

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Abstract
Thirty-four cases of carcinoma of the human large intestine were studied employing a battery of histochemical techniques to identify and characterize mucosubstances, including galactose oxidase-Schiff (GOS) reaction and stainings with horseradish peroxidase-labeled lectins. The results disclosed that the goblet cell-type mucin (GCM) of the left colon differed from that of the right colon in containing 8-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) more abundantly and 8-O-acetylated NANA-(.alpha.Fuc)-.beta.Gal type terminal structures. The right colonic GCM, on the other hand, was shown to contain .alpha. Fuc-.beta.Gal type predominantly. Surface coat-type mucin (SCM) showed consistent histochemical reactivities regardless of the sites in the large intestine. The transition mucosa surrounding carcinoma tissues characteristically revealed decreased sulfation and neuraminidase-induced GOS reactivity, suggesting the presence of NANA-.beta.Gal type terminals. The carcinoma tissues resembled the transitional mucosa in showing neuraminidase-induced GOS reactivity, but differed from the latter in possessing inense UEA-I reactivity. The present study indicated that the refined histochemical techniques recently developed were quite useful for understanding the histochemical reactivities correlating with sugar structures.

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