Study on the systematic position of Metriini based on characters of the larval head (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

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Abstract
Characters of the head of larvae ofMetrius contractusEschscholtz, Ozaenini and Paussini are interpreted phylogenetically. The monophyly of Metriini + Ozaenini + Paussini is substantiated by several synapomorphies such as hyperprognathism and strong constriction of the neck. Ozaenini and Paussini together form the sister‐group of Metriini. Ozaenini are paraphyletic. The monophyly of Paussini + Ozaenini excludingPachytelesis indicated by two possible synapomorphies. Several synapomorphies are shared byPhysea+ Paussini. Secondary prognathism, large membranous submento‐mental area and other derived features are considered autapomorphies of Paussini. Paussini excludingPlatyrhopalopsisare characterized by the loss of the palpifer. The monophyly of a group which comprises Geadephaga excluding Trachypachini is suggested by several synapomorphic features. A very basal position of the metriine—paussine lineage within Carabidae is indicated by several plesiomorphic features. A hypopharyngeal filter apparatus with a dense fringe of well‐arranged, long hairs is a possible autapomorphy of Anisochaeta. The results of this study do not indicate a close relationship between the metriine—paussine lineage and the tribes Brachinini and Crepidogastrini as has been suggested in recent works.