Theory of zone axis electron diffraction

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Abstract
The theory of high‐energy electron diffraction is reviewed, with an emphasis on methods that help most in understanding the form of zone axis convergent‐beam patterns. A Bloch wave description is used throughout the paper, and the theory is formulated in real space, leading to general expressions for both zero‐layer and higher‐order Laue zone (HOLZ) diffraction amplitudes. HOLZ diffraction is discussed in detail, and it is shown that first‐order perturbation theory is usually applicable and provides a clear picture of the diffraction. The computation of diffracted intensities is discussed with reference to the many‐beam equations. Diffraction at the [0001] axis in 1T‐VSe2 is analysed both to illustrate the theory and to provide an example of the special effects that occur at well defined string zone axes.