Rotational reorientation of the director in twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells

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Abstract
The orientational relaxation of the director to its equilibrium orientation under electric, elastic, and viscous torques arising in twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells is investigated. It is shown that the relaxation time of the director depends strongly on the external electric field strength and weakly on the energy of anchoring of liquid-crystal molecules to the surfaces of the cell. The relaxation time of the director anomalously increases in electric fields close to the Fréedericksz threshold. It is established that, at specific strengths of the external electric field, the relaxation can occur in the form of traveling waves propagating from one edge to the other edge of the twisted nematic liquid-crystal cell. The calculations of the relaxation processes in the vicinity of the nematic-smectic A phase transition temperature demonstrate that the distortion of the director field is uniform over the entire cross section of the liquid-crystal cell and does not depend on the strength of anchoring of the liquid-crystal molecules to the surfaces of the cell.