Characterization of Several Bovine Rumen Bacteria Isolated with a Xylan Medium

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Abstract
Dehority , B. A. (Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster). Characterization of several bovine rumen bacteria isolated with a xylan medium. J. Bacteriol. 91: 1724–1729. 1966.—Studies were conducted to characterize eight strains of bacteria isolated from bovine rumen contents, by use of a medium containing xylan as the only added carbohydrate source. Based on morphology, biochemical reactions, nutritional requirements, and fermentation products, five of the eight strains were identified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens . Many properties of the remaining three strains resembled Bacteroides ruminicola ; however, propionic acid was consistently found as a fermentation product. When the type strains for B. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola and B. ruminicola subsp. brevis were compared with the present isolates, it was found that propionic acid was a normal fermentation product for the type strain B. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola when grown in a 40% rumen fluid-0.5% glucose broth. Production of propionic acid was markedly reduced for all strains when grown in a 20% rumen fluid-1% glucose broth. The three remaining strains were thus placed in the species B. ruminicola , and further classified into the subspecies ruminicola (one strain) and brevis (two strains) on the basis of their requirement for hemin. Although the type strain of B. ruminicola subsp. brevis did not produce propionic acid, both of the present isolates classified as this subspecies produced substantial amounts. One strain of B. ruminicola subsp. brevis had an absolute requirement for volatile fatty acids. Either isobutyric or dl -2-methylbutyric acid would satisfy this requirement, whereas isovaleric acid was ineffective. It is of interest that xylan-fermenting bacteria isolated from 10 −7 and 10 −8 dilutions of rumen contents by use of a xylan medium are similar to the xylan fermenters isolated at the same dilutions with a nonselective medium.