The subcellular distribution of copper, zinc and iron in liver and kidney. Changes during copper deficiency in the rat

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Abstract
1. The subcellular distribution of copper, zinc and iron was investigated in liver and kidney homogenates from Cu-deficient and control rats. The supernatant fraction contained most Cu and Zn in control animals, but the highest proportion of Fe was in the microsomal fraction. 2. Cu deficiency reduced the concentration of the metal in all fractions, but the depletion was most severe and developed most rapidly in the supernatant fraction, indicating that the soluble cytoplasm is the site of Cu storage in the cell. The Fe content of the liver increased during Cu deficiency with Fe being deposited preferentially in the mitochondria. 3. All the Cu and most of the Zn in liver and kidney supernatant fractions occurred in four protein-containing fractions that were of similar molecular weights in both organs. A fraction of molecular weight 30000 was primarily concerned with Cu storage in mature rats. 4. The reduction in liver Zn during Cu deficiency appeared to be the result of impaired intestinal absorption and it is suggested that a small amount of Cu facilitates the absorption of Zn.