The response of plasma catecholamines to intravenous labetalol: A comparison with sodium nitroprusside

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Abstract
Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were measured in 8 hypertensive patients in a supine position after stepwise infusion of incremental sodium nitroprusside doses and i.v. injection of cumulative labetalol doses. Both drugs induced rises in plasma NE concentration that were linearly related to reductions in MAP. For any reduction in blood pressure (BP), the rise in plasma NE concentration induced by labetalol was approximately 4 times that induced by sodium nitroprusside. The difference can be explained by 2 effects of labetalol: impairment of neuronal NE uptake and .beta.-adrenergic-receptor blockade, which are known to reduce NE clearance from plasma. After both drugs there was a correlation between changes in HR and changes in BP and a correlation between changes in HR and changes in plasma NE concentration. Slope of the regression lines for both relationships were less after labetalol than after sodium nitroprusside, presumably because of the .beta.-adrenergic-blocking preperties of labetalol. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that the plasma NE rise was an important determinant of the vasodepressor response to each drug. The greater plasma NE elevation after labetalol may limit its antihypertensive effect.