Experiments concerning electron capture and loss to the continuum and convoy electron production by highly ionized projectiles in the 0.7 - 8.5-MeV/u range transversing the rare gases, polycrystalline solids, and axial channels in gold

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Abstract
Velocity spectra of electrons emitted into the forward direction have been measured for 0.7 - 8.5-MeV/u projectile ions transversing He, Ne, and Ar targets, ploycrystalline solids (C, Al, Ag, Au), and axial channels in gold. Spectral shapes and yields are compared and contrasted with one another and with theories which seek to account for the cusp-shaped peaks observed in terms of electron capture and loss to low-lying projectile-centered continuum states. We report the results of both singles and coincidence measurements, where the dependence of cusp shapes and yields on the emergent-ion charge state are examined. For electron capture to the continuum (ECC), variance is noted with respect to the simple, first-order theory of Dettmann, Harrison, and Lucas. The ECC yields are compared to experimental and theoretical studies of bound-state capture, especially to high Rydberg states. For electron loss to low-lying continuum states (ELC), variance is noted with respect to the corresponding theories of Briggs, Drepper, and Day, and ELC cross sections are compared to total electron-loss cross sections. For convoy electron production in solids, no known theory accounts for the results. As in ELC processes, convoy cusp widths are observed to be velocity independent. Convoy electron yields are also observed to be independent of the emergent-ion charge state.