Sex and strain differences in the developmental activity profile of the rat tested over clean vs home cage bedding

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Abstract
In the first of two experiments, CD rat litters were used to characterize activity patterns obtained in a size‐adjustable, single photodetector chamber. Beginning on postnatal Day 10 or 12, pups were tested repeatedly over clean bedding (C) or over bedding removed from each pup's home cage (HC). In C rats of both sexes and in HC females, short‐term activity levels peaked on Day 16. However, HC males displayed and earlier and even greater elevation in activity from Day 12 to 16. This overall pattern was found in rats tested either every second or every fourth day. In the second experiment, Long‐Evans pups were assigned to each testing condition (C vs HC) and activity measured beginning on Day 12. Peak levels were seen in all Long‐Evans rats on Day 16 and only females showed significant alterations as a function of bedding condition. When overall activity levels of the two strains were compared, significant differences were found on Days 12, 24, 30, and 120 in males, and 12, 24, and 30 in females. Significant differences between strains in activity as a function of bedding condition were found in males on Days 12, 20, 24, and 120 and in females on Days 12, 30, and 60. These data confirm the generality of a developmental hyperactivity phase in isolated juvenile rats. However, different patterns of hyperactivity were found in male vs female rats across strains. CD males were more active in the presence of HC olfactory cues, while in Long‐Evans rats, female activity was affected more by bedding condition.