Application of Ion-Scattering Spectroscopy to Catalyst Characterization

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Abstract
The study of surfaces has evolved in the last decade from a virtually dormant field to one that is vibrant with new ideas and technologies. In the past, the only useful information to be gained from surface techniques was physical in nature, i.e., surface area determination, pore size distributions, film thickness, and surface roughness. No chemical information could be obtained. Today, with the advent of spectroscopic methods, it is possible to gather a variety of information regarding the chemical nature of the surface. Examples of such information include oxidation state determinations, structural effects, and elemental and atomic analysis.