Induction of peroxisomal enzymes in livers of neonatal rats exposed to lactating mothers treated with hypolipidaemic drugs. Role of drug metabolite transfer in milk

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Abstract
Lactating rats were administered by gavage 100 mg/kg body wt. twice a day of either nafenopin or Wy-14,643, two hypolipidaemic drugs with hepatic peroxisome proliferative property. Neonatal rats, after feeding from the drug-treated mothers for 8-14 days, showed sustained increases in both the proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, as well as in levels of the peroxisome-associated enzymes catalase (3-fold), carnitine acetyltransferase (15-35-fold), peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase (29-46-fold), and palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (12-14-fold). These increases in enzyme activities in suckling rats were similar to those seen in the livers of the drug-treated, lactating mothers after 14 days of treatment. After administering [3H]nafenopin or [3H]Wy-14,643 to lactating rats, significant levels of drug-derived radioactivity were observed in suckling rat gastric milk curds by 2-4 h with significant radioactivity seen in suckling rat livers by 4-6 h. T.l.c. analysis of organic extracts of milk samples from [3H]Wy-14,643 treated animals indicated no detectable levels of the parent drug, only more-polar metabolites. Wy-14,643 metabolites preparatively purified from a rat liver microsomal fraction incubation induced peroxisome proliferation when injected into a neonatal rat. Preparative high pressure liquid chromatography purification and mass spectral analysis has allowed preliminary assessment of the structures of the Wy-14,643 microsomal metabolites. It is concluded that one or more of the metabolite fractions of Wy-14,643 transferred in milk exert the biological ability to induce peroxisome proliferation and peroxisomal enzymes in neonatal livers.