The performance of push and pull systems: a simulation and comparative study†

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Abstract
Ideally the just-in-time (pull system) production system holds no buffer inventory so that the production is ‘just in time’. This is achieved only when the stage's operation times are constant and equal; but realistically the variability of operator performance and/or the unequal distribution of task times precludes such an ideal situation. As a result, the production line experiences problems. In this paper we investigate the effects of these variabilities on the performance of push and pull systems and how the manager can decide which production technique to adopt. The implication of the simulation results are reported and openings for future research are identified.