Stimulation of prostaglandin production by hepatocyte growth factor in human gastric carcinoma cells

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Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a protein with pleiotropic biological activity affecting cell growth and motility, was found to markedly activate prostaglandin production in human gastric carcinoma TMK‐1 cells. HPLC analysis revealed that HGF stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is the major prostaglandin produced in these cells. HGF maximally stimulated PGE2 production at a concentration of 10 , and it was a more potent stimulator of PGE2 production than epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is known to stimulate prostaglandin production in various cell lines. The simultaneous addition of HGF and EGF caused no further stimulation of the PGE2 production observed in HGF‐treated cells. We showed also that HGF increased the arachidonate release from TMK‐1 cells, which release was completely suppressed by the addition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors. Further studies in vitro showed that HGF enhanced cellular activities of cytosolic PLA2 and cyclooxygenase 1.5‐fold each. These results indicate that HGF stimulates prostaglandin production through increases in both cytosolic PLA2 and cyclooxygenase activities.