Hot-film anemometry in liquid flows

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Abstract
This review article deals with practical aspects of hot-film anemometry in liquid flows, with particular reference to water as the liquid. The article outlines the construction and frequency response of various hot-film probe types and highlights the special precautions that need to be taken when using hot-film probes in liquids. The article describes the calibration and signal analysis procedures for single-normal, X type and split-film probes. Typical results for a vertical pipe flow demonstrate the compatibility and therefore the accuracy of the three hot-film probe techniques.