Pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence

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Abstract
This report describes a group of 25 children and adolescents with biopsy-proven pituitary adenomas. They were found in 33% of patients encountered in a recent study of 74 parasellar tumors detected in patients under 20 yr old. Earlier detection accounts for this apparent increase in frequency. This interpretation is supported by the rarity of signs of intracranial hypertension at presentation, as well as decreased incidence and severity of visual failure. More than 70% of patients have evidence of pituitary hypersecretion at presentation. Increased awareness of these endocrinological signs as well as improved hormonal assays facilitate both diagnosis and management. Hypopituitarism is rare; the important exception is suppression of gonadotrophic function that is known to occur early in the natural history of intrasellar pituitary adenomas. The low incidence of suprasellar and extrasellar extension is documented by both radiographic and operative findings. Transsphenoidal resection was employed in 92% of patients, with an estimated total resection in 73% of cases. Follow-up studies show a high quality of survival; no patient has severe neurological deficit and less than half of them require replacement therapy. The recurrence rate is 8%. The findings do not support a previous report that pituitary adenomas in this age group are frequently extrasellar and invasive.