Quark mixings and flavor changing interactions with singlet quarks

Aspects of the quark mixings and flavor changing interactions are investigated in electroweak models with singlet quarks. The effects on the ordinary quark mixing are determined in terms of the quark masses and the parameters describing the mixing between the ordinary quarks q and the singlet quarks Q $(q-Q$ mixing). Some salient features arise in the flavor changing interactions through $q-Q$ mixing. The unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix within the ordinary quark sector is violated, and the flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC’s) appear both in the gauge and scalar couplings. The flavor changing interactions are calculated appropriately in terms of the $q-Q$ mixing parameters and the quark masses, which really exhibit specific flavor structures. It is found that there are reasonable ranges of the model parameters to reproduce the ordinary quark mass hierarchy and the actual CKM structure even in the presence of $q-Q$ mixing. Some phenomenological effects of the singlet quarks are also discussed. In particular, the scalar FCNC’s may be more important in some cases, if the singlet quarks as well as the extra scalar particles from the singlet Higgs fields have masses $\sim 100\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{GeV}-1\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{TeV}.$