Development and Initial in Vivo Testing of a New Hydraulic Drive System (Paedipump) for Circulatory Support in Infants

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Abstract
The main limitation in the use of circulatory support in children is the lack of an adequate system with regard to size and pumping capacity Recently, two pneumatically driven ventricular support systems with low volume chambers for use in a pediatric population became available. We have developed a hydraulic drive system with an advantageous exact control of the stroke volume. The system enables two different modes of operation: the full-empty and the filled-empty modes. In both cases the ventricle is empty at the end of systole. This new system was tested in experimental animals (6 pigs, body weight 9.5–14.0 kg) with normal and reduced left ventricular function (MAP<45 mmHg). A 25 ml ventricle (HIA-Medos) was implanted. The full-empty and the filled-empty mode used led to a significant load reduction, both in animals with normal and impaired cardiac function. Plasma lactate levels, pH-values and total body 0 2 consumption were in the normal range during circulatory support indicating adequate organ perfusion. Results showed that sufficient ventricular support was achieved during all pumping modes due to the possibility of controlling and modifying the stroke volume of the hydraulically driven support system employed according to necessity. This is a promising feature for its future application in infants with congenital or acquired heart diseases.