Nonvolatile reprogrammable logic elements using hybrid resonant tunneling diode–giant magnetoresistance circuits

Abstract
We have combined resonant interband tunnelingdiodes (RITDs) with giant magnetoresistance(GMR) elements so that the GMR element controls the switching current and stable operating voltage points of the hybrid circuit. Parallel and series combinations demonstrate continuous or two-state tunability of the subsequent RITD-like current–voltage characteristic via the magnetic field response of the GMR element. Monostable–bistable transition logic element operation is demonstrated with a GMR/RITD circuit in both the dc limit and clocked operation. The output of such hybrid circuits is nonvolatile, reprogrammable, and multivalued.