Effects of a sweet and a nonsweet lunch on short‐term appetite: differences in female high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages

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Abstract
Introduction Effects of sweet taste on short‐term appetite are still being actively researched. This study investigates the proposal that the effects of sweet tastes on appetite may differ as a result of differing habitual experiences of sweetness with or without energy. Methods Effects of sweet tastes on appetite were investigated in habitual high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages. Sweet taste was manipulated in a preload lunch and appetite was subsequently measured using test meal intake and subjective ratings of general and specific appetites. Results The effects of the sweet and nonsweet lunch on short‐term appetite differed significantly in high and low consumers of sweet/low‐energy beverages, in subjective ratings of appetite for something sweet [consumer × preload × time interaction F(12,126) = 2.68, P = 0.003] and appetite for something savoury [consumer × preload × time interaction F(12,126) = 3.17, P = 0.001]. Effects in low consumers of sweetness without energy demonstrate close association between taste and energy, whereas effects in high consumers suggest a dissociation between taste and energy in these consumers. Discussion These findings provide a further indication that the short‐term control of appetite varies according to the habitual pattern of dietary intake. The long‐term experience of sweetness without energy influences appetite for sweet and savoury tastes.