Formation, propagation, reflection, and collision of microwave envelope solitons in yttrium iron garnet films

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Abstract
The end edge reflection and collision of backward volume wave bright microwave magnetic envelope solitons in long and narrow yttrium iron garnet single-crystal films has been studied experimentally. The experiments were done on 5.1-μm-thick, 1-mm-wide films. The bright solitons were excited by single or double 8-36-ns-wide microwave pulses with a nominal carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz. The experiments utilized a movable transducer structure to make measurements for a range of transducer separations from 2 to 15 mm and for pulses before and after reflection. The soliton character was established from single-pulse decay versus time and distance measurements. Three decay regions were observed, a slow decay region before soliton formation, a fast decay region characteristic of solitons, and a second slow decay for linear pulses. The soliton region included both incident and reflected pulses. The exponential decay rate for the soliton regime was greater than for the linear. The soliton pulses retained the same shape and speed after edge reflection. An observed drop in pulse amplitude after passing under the pickup transducer provided a way to measure the actual power and amplitude of the soliton signal. The measured amplitudes and widths were in fair agreement with predictions for a simple sech-type order one soliton pulse. For properly timed double-pulse experiments in which a reflected lead pulse collides with the follow-on pulse before detection, the effects of soliton collisions could be examined. In the single soliton power regime, the pulses were found to retain their shape and speed after collision. At higher powers, shapes were not retained. In addition, a wake effect was observed in which the lead pulse causes a change in the detected signal for the follow-on pulse, even without collision.