Comparative study of quantitative models for hardware, software and human reliability assessment

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Abstract
Various models which may be used for quantitative assessment of hardware, software and human reliability are compared in this paper. Important comparison criteria are the system life cycle phase in which the model is intended to be used, the failure category and reliability means considered in the model, model purpose, and model characteristic such as model construction approach, model output and model input. The main objective is to present limitations in the use of current models for reliability assessment of computer‐based safety shutdown systems in the process industry and to provide recommendations on further model development. Main attention is given to presenting the overall concept of various models from a user's point of view rather than technical details of specific models. A new failure classification scheme is proposed which shows how hardware and software failures may be modelled in a common framework.

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