Phase matching temperature variation of second-harmonic generation in Li out-diffused LiNbO3 layers

Abstract
Li out‐diffusion occurs in LiNbO3 during Ti in‐diffusion for waveguide fabrication. Phase matching temperature measurements of 1.06‐μm second‐harmonic generation are used to observe waveguide parameters. Undesired Li out‐diffusion effects can be minimized by using a high (over 49%) melt mole fraction of Li2O or by using a high Ti‐diffusion temperature.