Antimicrobial Substances in Callus Cultures ofRuta graveolens*

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Abstract
Callus cultures of Ruta graveolens form at least 17 antimicrobial substances, some of which were identified. It appeared that acridone alkaloids (rutacridone-epoxide, hydroxyrutacridone-epoxide) are the most active substances against bacteria as well as against fungi. In comparison with the medicinally used ethacridine lactate, rutacridone-epoxides proved to be much more active. Coumarins (rutarm, xanthotoxin, bergapten etc.) only cause any inhibition in higher concentrations. Furoquinoline alkaloids (dictamnine, γ-fagarine) are more active than the furocoumarins. Essential oil components and flavonoids do not show any antibiotic activity in our test.