Modeling of continuous Ph‐stat stirred tank reactor with Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis bv. diacetylactis immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads

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Abstract
A dynamic diffusion–reaction–growth model is proposed for the study of lactic fermentation, the bioconversion of citric acid, and cell release in an immobilized cell reactor [pH‐stat continuous stirred tank‐reactor (CSTR)]. The model correctly simulates the onset of fermentation and colonization of the gel, followed by the steady state. External diffusion is nonlimiting and internal diffusion is limited by high cell densities at the periphery of the gel beads. Lactose–citrate cometabolism in the gel is related to the distribution of active included biomass within the gel and to gradients of substrates (lactose, citrate) and products (lactate, pH) in the beads. The utilization of lactose is limited by reaction, whereas that of citrate is limited by diffusion. Cell release from gel to the liquid medium occurs in the external spherical cap of the beads. In this peripheral zone viability is maintained at around 90%. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.