The development of the cuticle in Phormium tenax

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Abstract
As seen in the scanning electron microscope the surface wax of leaves of Phormium tenax L. consists of vertical, plate-like crystals. These increase in size and number and undergo a change in form during development. The abaxial surface has a dense covering of wax crystals, but none are present on the ridges over vascular tissues. Numerous papillae are found between these ridges in later stages of development. On the adaxial surface both wax crystals and papillae are present only around infrequent stomata. When viewed in section normal to the leaf surface the cuticle is first apparent as a thin, lamellate layer. Another layer containing a reticulum of electrondense material increases in thickness beneath the lamellae during development. This layer eventually becomes the most extensive component of the cuticle. Both the adaxial and abaxial cuticles show a similar pattern of development.