Chemical modification of the side chains of gelatin

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Abstract
The ionizable groups in gelatin were chemically modified in order to observe any resultant effects on the solution viscosity and gel rigidity. No effect not attributable to degradation was detected. Complete esterification of carboxyl groups was achieved, since the analytical figures for methoxyl content agreed with the total free carboxyl content before treatment. Highly esterified material was unstable in aqueous solution at all pH values. Complete N-acetylation was achieved by the action of acetic anhydride on gelatin dissolved in aqueous sodium acetate. Little O-acetylation occurred until the majority of the amino groups were acetylated. The O-acetyl groups were easily removed by mild alkaline treatment. Guanidation of amino groups proceeded virtually to completion. Under all conditions of reaction studied, hypobromite produced extensive degradation and other changes before its reaction with guanidino groups was complete.
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