Cell surface characteristics of environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1

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Abstract
The cell surfaces of several toxigenic and nontoxigenic environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 have been examined. The environmental strains, irrespective of toxigenicity, are significantly more resistant to antibiotics and detergents than are V. cholerae O1 strains. The clinical isolates of non-O1 vibrios are as sensitive to a wide variety of chemicals as the O1 vibrios. The environmental non-O1 strains are also less susceptible to lysis when treated with protein denaturants or neutral and anionic detergents than are O1 vibrios and the clinical non-O1 strains. In contrast to O1 vibrios, the environmental non-O1 vibrios do not have exposed phospholipids in their outer membranes. These features of the cell surfaces of environmental non-O1 vibrios might have a role in the better survival of these organisms under environmental fluctuations.