Bone‐bonding behavior under load‐bearing conditions of an alumina ceramic implant incorporating beads coated with glass–ceramic containing apatite and wollastonite

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Abstract
Alumina ceramic with a porous surface coated with glass-ceramic containing apatite and wollastonite (AW-GC) was implanted in a state of press-fit under loas-bearing conditions in the femoral condylus of the mongrel dog and compared with a non-glass-ceramic-coated alumina ceramic. A trapezoid alumina ceramic implant (7 × 10 × 5 mm) with a lateral recess (0.9 mm deep) coated with alumina ceramic beads (mean diameter, 750 μm) in a single layer was prepared. The alumina ceramic beads were bonded to the alumina ceramic substratum using an identical alumina binder. The thickness of coating was 10–50 μm (mean, 30 μm). The surface of the beads and the substratum of the alumina implant were coated with AW-GC. A pull-out test and histologic examination were performed at 4, 8, and 24 weeks after implantation. The interfacial shear load was significantly increased from 8 to 24 weeks in both groups. The shear load of the glass-ceramic-coated implant was significantly greater than that of the noncoated implant at every stage. The interface shear load of the noncoated implant was 12.13 ± 2.76 kg at 4 weeks, 13.92 ± 4.18 kg at 8 weeks, and 24.17 ± 5.17 kg at 24 weeks after implantation. The interface shear load of the glass-ceramic-coated implant was 17.96 ± 2.81 kg at 4 weeks, 24.92 ± 9.87 kg at 8 weeks, and 34.83 ± 4.12 kg at 24 weeks after implantation. Histologic examination showed more ingrown bone tissue in the glass-ceramic-coated implants. It is suggested that AW-GC stimulated the bone ingrowth. The bonding behavior of bioinert alumina ceramics is therefore improved by a coating of bioactive glass-ceramic. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.