Effect of calcium hydroxide treatment on periodontal repair and root resorption

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Abstract
Pulpal application of calcium hydroxide is a common treatment for external root resorption. Several mechanisms of action have been suggested. In the present investigation, the effect of pulpal calcium hydroxide on cells at the root surface and in the periodontal ligament was studied by means of scanning‐electron microscopy and light microscopy. Lateral incisors in monkeys were extracted, a groove was made‐ in the root surface and the teeth were then immediately replanted. The pulps of some teeth were infected by bacteria from the saliva. Application of calcium hydroxide in the root canal caused a limited necrosis of the cells resorbing dentin as well as the cells forming reparative cementum in the experimental groove. In the non‐infected teeth, a temporary ankylosis developed. The high pH having a bactericidal and necrotizing effect seemed to be sufficient to explain the therapeutic effect of calcium hydroxide on root resorption.