MBE apparatus for i n s i t u grazing incidence x-ray diffraction

Abstract
A molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) apparatus furnished with two E‐gun evaporators, two Knudsen cells and RHEED, was built for in situ grazing incidence x‐ray diffraction studies. By adopting horizontal sample setting geometry, the entire ultrahigh vacuum chamber was rotated simply with the aid of a spring, and a large sample area was irradiated by the x‐rays. Using this apparatus, we observed the 7×7 superstructure on a Si(111) surface and at a SiO2/Si(111) interface.