Bone models for use in radiotherapy dosimetry

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Abstract
The development of completely artificial, realistic body phantoms for use in radiotherapy dosimetry is hampered by the lack of suitable, definitive elemental data for many skeletal materials. Using published and measured data, the proportions of the tissue components for the important human bones considered in radiotherapy treatments were derived. Both the tissue proportions and the resulting elementary compositions are listed in tubular form. Simple models of the heads of the humerus and femur are also given. Average bone substitutes can be readily formulated from the form in which the data was presented.