Nuclear charge asymmetry and charge dependence and the−33He binding-energy difference

We solve a set of Faddeev equations for some realistic two-nucleon potentials, taking into account the two-pion-exchange three-nucleon interaction, the Coulomb interaction, and the charge-independence- and charge-symmetry-breaking (CIB and CSB) interactions. After 32 case studies, we find a very good linear relationship between ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ binding energies, from which we deduce a model-independent value for the Coulomb energy difference (648±4 keV for the finite-size protons) and the CIB and CSB nuclear effects. With other small effects, these effects reasonably account for the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{-}_{}^3{}_{}{}^{}$he binding-energy difference.