Surface-emitting laser operation in vertical-to-surface transmission electrophotonic devices with a vertical cavity

Abstract
We demonstrate the first surface-emitting laser operation in a vertical-to-surface transmission electrophotonic device with a vertical cavity. The thyristor-like current-voltage characteristics, which are required for optical and electrical switching, are achieved. Threshold current during the on state is as low as 1.2 mA. All 100 devices, which were randomly extracted from a grown wafer, emit laser light.