Double hysteresis in L/H transition and compound dithers

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Abstract
To study L/H transition physics, the hysteresis, generated by the ambipolar condition, is examined. Three mechanisms for the bipolar losses, i.e. the loss cone loss, collisional bulk viscosity loss of ions, and the anomalous loss, are simultaneously retained, and the competition between them is investigated. It is found that fivefold multiple branches exist in the gradient - flux relation, when the effective ion collision frequency is close to unity. Multiple bifurcations in the hysteresis curve appear. The new type of the limit cycle oscillation, compound dither, is predicted to occur.