A critical review of latent learning and related experiments.

Abstract
A survey of experiments on latent learning covering the last three decades leads to the following conclusions: Reinforcement is not necessary for certain types of learning. Some conditions favorable to latent learning include weak irrelevant motivation, hunger rather than thirst as the irrelevant drive, weak position preferences, free rather than forced trials, discriminating contact with the undeserved goal object, previous exploratory or "need" differentiation exercise, and large amounts of training under conditions which do not produce strong asymmetrical preferences. Seventy six studies are reviewed.
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