Improving Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with an Inspiratory Impedance Threshold Valve in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest

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Abstract
To improve the efficiency of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), we evaluated the potential value of impeding respiratory gas exchange selectively during the decompression phase of standard CPR in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. After 6 min of untreated cardiac arrest, anesthetized farm pigs weighing 30 kg were randomized to be treated with either standard CPR with a sham valve (n = 11) or standard CPR plus a functional inspiratory impedance threshold valve (ITV™) (n = 11). Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) (diastolic aortic minus right atrial pressure) was the primary endpoint. Vital organ blood flow was assessed with radiolabeled microspheres after 6 min of CPR, and defibrillation was attempted 11 min after starting CPR. After 2 min of CPR, mean ± sem CPP was 14 ± 2 mm Hg with the sham valve versus 20 ± 2 mm Hg in the ITV group (P −1