A review of factors affecting biosynthesis of carotenoids by the order Mucorales

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Abstract
This is a review of factors affecting carotenogenesis by the order Mucorales which includes Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Choanephora cucurbitarum and Blakeslea trispora. The Mucorales have opposite sex types and when mated, β-carotene production is increased 15 to 20 times. Trisporic acids are the substances produced upon mating which stimulate carotenogenesis. Structural analogs have been shown to mimic the actions of the trisporic acids. The common denominator of the stimulators is the ionone ring and the hydrocarbon side chain. Secondary metabolism is discussed as well as the use of food byproducts to stimulate, specifically, the production of β-carotene by B. trispora.

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