Local Muscle Damage and Oily Vehicles: A Study on Local Reactions in Rabbits after Intramuscular Injection of Neuroleptic Drugs in Aqueous or Oily Vehicles

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Abstract
The local muscle damaging effect of a series of neuroleptics [cis(z)-clopenthixol, cis(Z)-flupentixol, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, leuomepromazine, melperone, perphenazine and thiethylperazine maleate] formulated in water or in oily vehicles (Viscoleo, sesame oil, methyl oleate or squalane) was investigated after i.m. injection in rabbits. Each drug preparation (2 ml) was administered i.m. in the central part of the longissimus dorsi muscle of 4 rabbits. The rabbits were killed 3 days after the injection, and the injection site was examined macroscopically. Areas of necrotic muscle tissue were isolated by dissection and weighed. All preparations in aqueous solution caused local muscle damage (large necrotic area) at the injection site. This effect was almost completely neutralized by the Viscoleo vehicle. The sesame oil, methyl oleate and squalane vehicles also neutralized the local damaging effect, but not to the same extent as that of the Viscoleo vehicle.