Adaptive Rate Pacing Controlled by the Right Ventricular Preelection Interval: Clinical Experience With a Physiological Pacing System

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Abstract
In the Precept pacing system, the right ventricular intracardiac impedance waveform is used to evaluate either of two indicators of metabolic demand relative right ventricular stroke volume and preejection interval (PEI). PEI is known to reliably parallel contractility changes, which is reflective of physical and emotional stress. The stability and dynamic behavior of PEI were tested in ten patients with a Precept pacing system under various forms of exercise and during postural changes. Although significant patient-to-patient variability of the sensor values was observed, reflecting individual physiological differences, the chronic stability of PEI was excellent in the total device experience of 147 months. In all patients, PEI shortened significantly during bicycle ergometry from a mean value of 137.7 +/- 17.8 (range 96-162) to a mean value of 103.0 +/- 21.6 (range 92-109) (P less than 0.05). Low level bicycle exercise of short duration resulted in a prompt decrease in PEI and increase in pacing rate in all patients. There were no uniform postural responses overall, although some posture related rate changes were observed in two patients. We conclude that the first generation of a PEI based pacing system holds promise for adaptive rate pacing.