Isolation of aCryptococcus neoformansserotype AMATastrain from the Italian environment

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Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycete which possesses a bipolar mating system based on two mating type alleles, MATa and MATα. In the type variety, C. neoformans var. neoformans, both mating types have been found among strains of one serotype, serotype D, whereas only MATα was identified after extensive survey of serotype A strains. Serotype A MATa appeared to be extinct or to exist only in a vestigial, non-functional form. We report the isolation of a C. n. var. neoformans serotype A MATa strain from the Italian environment. The strain was serotyped by slide agglutination test, genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting using the (GACA)4 primer, and its haploid state was determined by flow cytometry. The mating type was identified by PCR amplification of the pheromone a gene. In addition, the amplification of the four STE20 alleles, specific for the mating type of serotypes A and D, showed that the strain contains only the MATa locus. By crossing experiments the strain was found to be fertile. The interest in the finding of this fertile isolate is related to the possibility to construct a congenic pair of serotype A MATa/MATα strains to be used in genetic and pathogenesis studies.