Management of Hyperthyroidism in Children and Adolescents

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Abstract
Between 1961 and 1984, 262 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease between the ages of 3 and 18 yr were treated in the author’s clinic. This paper compares the results of different treatment methods. Initial treatment was surgery for 7 patients, radioiodine for 73, and an antithyroid drug for 182. Seven drug-treated patients subsequently had surgery. Of 14 surgically treated patients, 5 relapsed and received radioiodine, 5 became hypothyroid, 3 were lost to follow-up, and 1 remained euthyroid. Sixteen drug-treated patients were lost to follow-up; 7 are still taking drugs. Of the remaining 99 drug-treated patients not achieving remission, 92 received radioiodine, and 7 had surgery (1 later relapsed and received radioiodine). The principal reasons for abandoning cdrugs were toxicity, noncompliance, poor control, and failure to achieve sustained remissions. Of 61 drug-treated patients who achieved remission, 22 relapsed (21 were treated with radioiodine and 1 with drug). Remissions after antithyroid drug therapy persist in 39 patients, 2 of whom are now hypothyroid and 10 of whom have been in remission less than 2 yr. Of the 239 subjects whose treatment is complete, 191 (80%) ultimately had radioiodine. One radioiodine treatment eliminated hyperthyroidism in 163 patients, 2 treatments were effective in 17, and 3 treatments were effective in 1. The remaining 5 patients were lost to followup after radioiodine before the outcome of therapy could be determined. No increase in congenital abnormalities was found in 63 children of these patients, regardless of treatment. Radioiodine is a safe, simple, and economical therapy for patients with hyperthyroidism and is now considered the initial treatment of choice for such patients.