Prevalence, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Thrombocytopenia Among HIV-Infected Individuals

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Abstract
Prevalence and clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related thrombocytopenia have been investigated among a random population of 657 anti-HIV-positive individuals. A platelet count below 100 .times. 109/liter was detected in 72 patients (10.9%). Compared with anti-HIV-positive controls with normal platelets, a significantly higher prevalence of males (p < 0.02) and of intravenous drug abusers (p < 0.02) as well as a higher frequency of patients with advanced HIV-related disease (p < 0.001) were detected among thrombocytopenic patients. Those patients whose thrombocytopenia was associated with neutropenia and/or anemia (14 cases, 2.1%) clearly differed from patients with isolated thrombocytopenia (IT) (58 cases, 8.8%) since they belonged to the more advanced groups of the CDC classification of HIV-related disorders, had lower CD4-positive lymphocyte counts, a higher frequency of cutaneous anergy, and less persistent thrombocytopenia. In the cohort of patients with persistent IT (47 cases), no single epidemiological or clinical data proved to correlate with the severity of thrombocytopenia. They did not differ significantly from anti-HIV-positive controls in their distribution among CDC groups, but the total lymphocyte and the CD4-positive lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in IT patients belonging to CDC group II (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively) and III (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005, respectively) compared with CDC group-matched controls; after a median followup of one year, the two cohorts showed similar rates of progression to CDC Group IV.