The Female Urethral Syndrome: External Sphincter Spasm as Etiology

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Abstract
Many women suffer a constellation of urinary and pelvic symptoms commonly referred to as the urethral syndrome. Numerous medical, surgical and psychological treatment modalities have been used to alleviate the symptoms. Urodynamic techniques were used to study a group of women with the urethral syndrome. Based on the findings of external urethral sphincter spasm and/or pelvic floor hyperactivity the institution of diazepam therapy not only has provided clinical relief but also sphincter synergy as demonstrated by post-treatment urodynamics.