Yield Ratios,KαKβ,LαLβ,LαLγ, andLαLl, for X Rays Produced by Protons of 1.0 to 3.7 MeV

$\frac{K\alpha }{K\beta }$ x-ray yield ratios have been determined for eleven elements, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ge, Rb, Zr, Ag, Sn, and Sb, when bombarded with protons of 1.00, 2.25, and 3.00 MeV. Excitation functions of $\frac{K\alpha }{K\beta }$ ratios for Ni, Ge, and Ag were also measured from 1.00 to 3.70 MeV in 100-keV steps, and these ratios were found to be constant with proton energy. For the ten elements Ce, Sm, Dy, Tm, W, Au, Pb, Bi, Th, and U, the yield ratios $\frac{L\alpha }{L\beta }$, $\frac{L\alpha }{L\gamma }$, and $\frac{L\alpha }{Ll}$ were determined for proton bombarding energies of 1.00, 2.25, and 3.00 MeV. Excitation functions for these same ratios were measured for Sm, W, and Th for proton energies between 1.00 and 3.70 MeV in 100-keV steps. While the $\frac{L\alpha }{L\beta }$ and $\frac{L\alpha }{L\gamma }$ ratios varied significantly with proton energy, the $\frac{L\alpha }{Ll}$ ratio was found to be constant as a function of proton energy. Additionally, the energy of the centroid of the peak corresponding to the $L\alpha ,L\beta$ and $L\gamma$ x-ray transitions was measured as a function of proton energy for Sm, W, and Th. The $L\beta$ and $L\gamma$ centroid energies changed appreciably with proton energy, while the $L\alpha$ centroid energy remained constant. The experimental yield ratios and centroid energies are compared to plane-wave-Born- and binary-encounter-approximation predictions.