Environmental and Social Costs of Pesticides: A Preliminary Assessment
- 1 January 1980
- Vol. 34 (2) , 126-140
- https://doi.org/10.2307/3544173
Abstract
A study was made of the indirect costs that result from pesticide usage in the USA. These costs included 45,000 annual non-fatal and fatal human pesticide poisonings; livestock losses; reduced natural enemies and pesticide resistance; honey bee poisonings and reduced pollination; losses of crops and trees; fish and wildlife losses and miscellaneous losses. The estimated total of $839 million annual losses attributed to environmental and social costs of pesticide use represents only a small portion of the actual costs. The results of this preliminary assessment underscore the serious nature of the environmental and social costs of pesticide use.Keywords
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