Various shor-term assays and two long-term studies with the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the Syrian golden hamster

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Abstract
The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its main metabolite monoethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) were investigated in several short-term in vitro assays, including mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA102, a strain sensitive to mutations arising as a cause of oxidative DNA damage. Also DNA amplification in SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells and DNA damage in rat and hamster hepatocytes were investigated. The two compounds were not genotoxic in any of the test systems. Furthermore, DEHP was investigated in two long-term bioassays with Syrian golden hamsters using both i.p. (max. total dose 54 g/kg) and inhalative (7–10 mg/kg) application. In both experiments an additional group of animals received a combination treatment of DEHP with N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). These studies were included in order to elucidate whether the observed influence of DEHP on the microsomal enzyme activity (Seth, 1982) may effect the carcinogenic activity of NDMA. There was no significant increase in tumor incidence after application of only DEHP via both routes. However, the occurrence of liver malignancies was significantly ( P <0.001) reduced after the combination treatment in the inhalation study.